Abstract: Using sulfate-reducing bacteria(SRB) to treat acidic mine wastewater is a hot research topic, and it has a very wide application in practical productions. This paper briefly introduces the sources, characteristics and hazards of acid mine wastewater.The mechanism of SRB treating acid mine wastewater is mainly introduced. This paper summarizes the development of SRB treatment process in acid mine wastewater, and puts forward some problems of it.