Abstract: As an important chemical raw material, acetylacetone is commonly used as an analytical reagent and organic synthetic intermediate. However, when exposed to acetylacetone for a long time, the human body will be hurt to a certain extent. At present, there are many methods to detect acetylacetone, such as high-performance liquid chromatography, nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry, but the above methods require professionals and large instruments and are time consuming complicated to operate. Therefore, it is urgent to find fast and efficient acetylacetone detection methods. Because of their rich pore structure, adjustable pore channels, and large specific surface area, metal-organic framework (MOF) materials are widely used in catalysis, sensing, gas storage and separation and have become one of the research hotspots in the field of inorganic chemistry. As fluorescence sensors with significant advantages in low cost, fast response, high sensitivity and high efficiency, MOFs can realize the rapid and sensitive detection of acetylacetone. The research progress of MOF-based fluorescence sensing of acetylacetone in the past decade was reviewed, and the fluorescence sensing mechanism were summarized in detail.