Abstract: The mechanism of explosion reaction process needs to be clarified due to the danger of dust explosion in metal sulfide mines. The thermal reaction process of metal sulfide ore dust was understood through the numerical simulation of Factsage software. The pyrolysis products are calculated semi-quantitatively. The accuracy of thermogravimetric analysis results of metal sulfide ore dust is verified. The phases of metal sulfide ore dust before and after reaction in a 20 L spherical explosion container were analyzed by X-ray powder diffractometer. On the basis of the thermogravimetric analysis, phase analysis and the theory of heterogeneous combustion of particles in gas phase and surface, the mechanism model of shrinking core-diffusion limited volatiles explosion model (SC-DLVC model for short) explosion reaction process was established. The control equations and theoretical models of dust explosion dynamics at present are summarized, and the equations suitable for the mechanism model of dust explosion reaction process of metal sulfide ore are obtained, and the future correction direction is put forward. The research results can provide theoretical basis for studying computational fluid dynamics of dust explosion in metal sulfide mines, and also provide theoretical support for preventing dust explosion in metal sulfide mines.