Abstract: Focus on the different environmental impact in the process of producing RE between in-situ leaching and pond leaching, the quality monitoring on water and soil were done in the experimented mineral field of Longnan and Xunwu.The monitoring results showed that the impact of in-situ leaching on natural environment was very little but the impact of pond leaching on environment was very greatly.In-situ leaching can bring good economic profits in producing RE oxides from preventing the loss of water and erosion of soil, so we must spread this leaching technology.