Abstract: This paper classifies the ventilation structures into three categories: obstructing structure, winded structure and adjusting structure. The calculation method of reliability is given about some ventilation structures, ventilation fan unit and branch. Based on the disjoint manipulation Boolean algebra, the calculation method of mine ventilation network reliability is made. Through the study of mine ventilation system reliability optimization distribution, the paper puts forward the absolute value of J which belongs to Jacobi determinant of mine ventilation network balance equation set. And the height of system reliability is reflected. The study focuses on the optimization model of J by adjusting the wind drag of every branch when each has a certain amount of air quantity through example demonstrations.