退役磷酸铁锂电池带电破碎大通量整体热解装备和价值研究

Research on the equipment and value of large flux integrated thermal decomposition for charged crushing of retired lithium iron phosphate batteries

  • 摘要: 退役锂离子电池未来3~5年呈几何数量倍增趋势,特别需要大通量整体一体化智能带电破碎热解装备来解决设备系统集成化低、材料损耗大、人工劳动强度高、环境污染大等问题。将10 t退役磷酸铁锂方形铝壳电池采用湖南顶立科技股份有限公司优化开发的带电破碎大通量一体化智能装备处理获得铜粒、铝粒及黑粉,采用XRD、SEM、ICP、粒度仪等测试手段分析其物相、形貌、含量、粒度,并统计能耗和回收率,结果表明:当穿刺放电时间≤30 min,放电至0.15 V时,放电效率为95.15%;磷酸铁锂电池带电破碎整体回收率为98.5%,获得的铜纯度为(99.4±0.2)%,铝纯度为(99.16±0.3)%,黑粉的主要成分为磷酸铁锂和石墨,黑粉中锂含量为(2.4±0.4)%、碳含量为(20±5)%,其他杂质铜含量为(0.32±0.13)%、铝含量为(0.18±0.05)%。加工费≤1 500 元/t,为锂电回收行业发展提供稳定、可靠的装备。

     

    Abstract: With the number of retired lithium-ion batteries expected to multiply exponentially over the next 3 to 5 years, there is a growing need for high-throughput, fully integrated, intelligent charged crushing pyrolysis equipment capable of processing charged batteries. Such equipment is essential to overcome current challenges, including low levels of system integration, high process losses, intensive manual labor, and substantial environmental pollution. Using the optimized high-throughput, integrated, intelligent charged crushing equipment developed by Advanced Corporation for Materials & Equipment Co., Ltd., a batch of ten tons of retired lithium iron phosphate square aluminum shell batteries was processed to recover copper, aluminum granules, and black powder. The resulting products were analyzed by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy, and a particle size analyzer to determine phase composition, morphology, elemental content, and particle size. Energy consumption and recovery rates were also evaluated. The results indicate that the puncture discharge time was ≤30 minutes, with batteries discharged to 0.15 V and a discharge efficiency of 95.15%. The overall recovery ratio from charged crushing of lithium iron phosphate batteries reached 98.5%, with copper purity of (99.4±0.2)% and aluminum purity of (99.16±0.3)%. The black powder primarily consisted of lithium iron phosphate and graphite, with a lithium content of (2.4±0.4)%, carbon content of (20±5)%, and impurity levels of copper and aluminum at (0.32±0.13)% and (0.18±0.05)%, respectively. The processing cost was no more than 1,500 CNY/t, offering stable and reliable equipment to support the development of the lithium battery recycling industry.

     

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