Abstract: Copper slag, as a major by-product in the copper smelting process, contains a significant amount of valuable metals and non-metallic components, which makes it highly utilizable. However, the current comprehensive treatment rate is not optimistic. Finding green and efficient ways to utilize copper smelting slag to alleviate the pressure on China's copper resources and achieve a win-win for both the environment and the economy has become an urgent challenge. This paper began with an analysis of copper slag’s elemental composition and physicochemical properties, which reviewed its current utilization status and development potential in areas such as valuable metal extraction, construction material production, and environmental functional material development, based on the demands of various industries. Case studies were also employed to analyze the advantages and disadvantages of resource recovery processes for copper slag. Future directions for technological advancements were proposed. Additionally, the paper introduced a full-process utilization method for copper slag, aiming to integrate various resource recovery processes through scientific treatment approaches. This approach sought to maximize the utilization of copper slag while achieving dual goals of environmental protection and resource conservation.