Abstract: Ionic rare earth ores, rich in middle and heavy rare earth elements, play a key role in the metallurgical industry and the preparation of new materials. Currently, in situ leaching mining technology is widely recommended, with the primary mining process including “in-situ drilling - injection leaching- rare earth lixivium recovery”. A large number of leaching lixiviants that enter the rock and soil mass at the mining site has caused great impacts on the mines’ ecological environment. These environmental problems have severely constrained the green development and utilization of ionic rare earth. In this paper, the process and new method of ionic rare earth in situ leaching mining were introduced, the migration rules of ammonia nitrogen in the leaching process were summarized, and the morphological changes of heavy metals in soil were analyzed. The effects of pH value, soil texture and organic matter on the release and migration of heavy metals in soil were reviewed. Ang future research on soil environment in rare earth mines was proposed. This paper aimed was to sort out the rules of ammonia nitrogen and heavy metal release and migration in the soil of ion-type rare earth mines, which would provide a reference for pollution control and ecological restoration in mining areas.