Abstract: With excellent electrical and thermal conductivity, as well as other properties, compared to crude metals, high-purity metal materials are important basic raw materials in high-tech fields such as aviation and electronics, strongly supporting the national economic and social construction and the development of high-tech industries. Vacuum gasification technology for preparing high-purity metals has become the current mainstream method due to its apparent advantages, including a short process flow, high purification efficiency, and green, low-carbon production. Focusing on vacuum gasification volatilization theory and process research, this paper briefly introduced the pure material saturation vapor pressure, separation factor, gas-liquid phase equilibrium diagrams and other basic principles of vacuum gasification. Specifically, it also described the vacuum gasification equipment, including vertical single-stage, intermittent multi-stage, and three-stage condensing devices, and the high-purity metal purification status at home and abroad, such as magnesium, zinc, and lead. Based on the current situation of vacuum gasification purification of high-purity metals, it was proposed that simulation combined with experimental studies to clarify the vacuum gasification volatilization behavior of trace impurities is essential. The vacuum dissociation of arsenic, gallium and other strategic metals, as well as volatilization and other diffusion and transfer processes involved in the physicochemical theory need to be improved in the future. This paper offers valuable references for the short process, clean and efficient preparation of high-purity metals.