褐铁矿型红土镍矿中有价金属的酸浸工艺

Acid leaching process of valuable metals from limonite-type laterite nickel ore

  • 摘要: 镍是一种战略性稀有金属,从低品位红土镍矿中生产单质镍或镍的合金是解决镍铁合金需求的主要途径。采用盐酸选择性浸出印尼褐铁矿型红土镍矿中的有价金属,结果表明:当盐酸浓度10 mol/L,原料粒度74 μm,浸出温度353 K,固液体积比1∶4,浸出时间120 min时,镍、钴、锰、铁和镁的浸出率分别为34.3%、90.67%、64.23%、76.46%和48.12%,且盐酸作为常见的工业副产品,易回收再生。镍、钴、锰的浸出动力学研究可知,其浸出过程不符合广泛采用的收缩核模型,而用Avrami方程进行拟合具有很好的线性,根据Arrhenius公式求得浸出过程中镍、钴和锰的表观活化能分别为7.96、4.00 kJ/mol和4.98 kJ/mol,三者浸出的活化能值均介于4~12 kJ/mol范围内,且浸出温度对反应速率常数的影响并不明显,判断出镍、钴和锰的浸出过程受扩散条件控制。本研究结果可为褐铁矿型红土镍矿的高效开发利用提供理论参考。

     

    Abstract: Nickel is a kind of strategic rare metal. To meet the demand for nickel-ferro alloy, producing elemental nickel or nickel alloy from low-grade laterite ore is the main method. In this study, the selective leaching of valuable metals from Indonesian limonite-type laterite nickel ore by hydrochloric acid was investigated. The results showed that the leaching rates of nickel, cobalt, manganese, iron and magnesium were 34.3%, 90.67%, 64.23%, 76.46% and 48.12%, respectively when the concentration of hydrochloric acid was 10 mol/L, the particle size of raw material was 74 μm, the leaching temperature was 353 K, the ratio of solid to liquid was 1:4, and the leaching time was 120 min. Hydrochloric acid as an industry byproduct is easy to recycle and regenerate. The leaching kinetics of nickel, cobalt and manganese showed that their leaching process did not conform to the widely used shrinkage core model. However, the Avrami equation had a good linearity. According to the Arrhenius formula, the apparent activation energies of nickel, cobalt and manganese in the leaching process were 7.96, 4.00 and 4.98 kJ/mol, respectively. The activation energies of all three elements were in the range of 4 ~ 12 kJ/mol, and the influence of leaching temperature on the reaction rate constant was not obvious. Therefore, the leaching process of nickel, cobalt and manganese is controlled by diffusion. This study can provide a theoretical reference for the efficient development and utilization of limonite-type laterite nickel ore.

     

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