Abstract: Based on the difference in the solubility product of zinc carbonate and magnesium carbonate, a study on the separation and recovery of zinc and magnesium by carbonization precipitation method was proposed and conducted. On the basis of the theoretical calculations, the influence of the type, dosage, temperature and other factors of carbonate on the separation effect of zinc and magnesium was investigated and the control method for the separation of zinc and magnesium in the leaching solution of neutralization slag obtained with the help of an inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometer (ICP-OES), X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and other characterization methods. It is shown by theoretical calculations that when carbonate is used as the precipitant, zinc is preferentially precipitated and the zinc has been completely precipitated before the precipitation of magnesium ions. It is shown in the experimental results that the separation of magnesium and zinc with MgCO₃ as a precipitant is better compared to carbonates such as Na₂CO₃, NaHCO₃, NH₄HCO₃. The best process conditions obtained in the experiment are a reaction temperature of 90℃, the magnesium carbonate excess coefficient of 1.20, the reaction time of 90 min and the feeding speed of 2.10 g/min. Under these conditions, the zinc precipitation rate can reach over 99.99% and the magnesium precipitation rate is less than 0.10%, realizing the effective separation of magnesium and zinc. The obtained zinc slag is alkali zinc carbonate with high purity, reaching the technical index of industrial alkali zinc carbonate qualified product (HG/T2523—93). The method is simple and easy to implement, with a good separation effect of zinc and magnesium, which can both be utilized as resources.