Abstract: The instability and failure of dangerous rock was one of the main geological disasters in cold regions of China. Limit equilibrium analysis theory could be used to quantitatively analyze the stability of dangerous rock based on the mechanical calculation results. Therefore, the research on the calculation parameters of the stability coefficient of dangerous rock in cold regions under the limit equilibrium theory has always been the focus of cold region engineering. On the basis of relevant data at home and abroad, the research progress of different key parameters was summarized from many aspects, and the existing problems in the research of dangerous rock stability and key parameters were pointed out: ① Selection of frost heave theory of structural plane of dangerous rock mass in natural environment; ② Whether the empirical formula for calculating the freezing depth of soil (continuous medium) was suitable for rock mass (porous medium); ③ How to define the deterioration law of physical and mechanical properties of rock mass on the main control plane. It also analyzed the research and development of the stability of dangerous rock in cold regions in the future, including the perfection of the study on the freezing depth of the structural plane of dangerous rock, the deterioration of multifield and multiphase coupling on dangerous rock, the combination of fracture mechanics, damage mechanics and limit equilibrium theory.