锑冶金固废处置现状

Status of solid waste disposal in antimony metallurgy

  • 摘要: 目前锑火法冶金主要采用传统鼓风炉和反射炉技术,冶炼过程产生大量冶金固废,如熔炼渣、砷碱渣、除铅渣,其危害性大,难以资源化回收和无害化处理,已成为制约锑冶炼企业发展的瓶颈问题。文中溯源了锑冶金固废产生途径,分析了固废处理工艺现状:熔炼渣堆存量大,烟化处理能耗高,分离效果不理想;砷碱渣以湿法处理为主,浸出实现锑、砷分离,含砷浸出液固化处理后堆存或填埋;除铅渣火法处理工艺铅、锑元素分离不彻底,未实现对磷酸盐的回收,湿法处理工艺流程长,工业化应用较少。因此迫切需要开发锑绿色冶金与固废资源化新方法,实现锑清洁高效提取及冶金固废源头减量与资源化回收。

     

    Abstract: At present, the traditional blast furnace and reflection furnace technology are mainly adopted in antimony pyrometallurgy. A large number of metallurgical solid wastes are produced in the smelting process, such as smelting slag, arsenic-alkali residue and lead removal slag, which are hazardous and difficult to realize resource recovery and make harmless treatment, and have become a bottleneck restricting the development of antimony smelting enterprises. In this paper, the origin of solid wastes in antimony metallurgy was traced, and the current status of solid waste disposal was analyzed. The stock of smelting slag pile was large, with the energy consumption of fuming treatment high, and the separation ineffective. Arsenic alkali residue was mainly treated by wet method, antimony and arsenic were separated by leaching, and arsenic-containing leaching solution was stacked or landfilled after being solidified. Lead and antimony couldn't be thoroughly separated by the pyrometallurgical treatment process of lead removal slag, thus the recovery of phosphate wasn't realized. The wet treatment was long in the technological process but seldom used in industrial application. Therefore, it is urgent to develop new methods for antimony clean metallurgy and solid waste recycling to achieve clean and efficient extraction of antimony, as well as source reduction and resource recovery of metallurgical solid waste.

     

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