Abstract: The nano-ceramic ball, whose main component is high aluminum, is a grinding medium with a light specific gravity. The samples in the size of 1.18~2 mm, 0.6~1.18 mm, 0.3~0.6 mm are taken as the research objects, and the nano-ceramic ball and steel ball of the same diameter are used for batch grinding tests. Then the particle size distribution, grinding energy consumption distribution and energy utilization of ground products are analyzed. The tests show that the nano-ceramic ball, as a fine grinding medium, has the same particle size distribution law as the steel ball, both of which is consistent with the JK size-dependent breakage model. Under the same grinding conditions, the nano-ceramic ball is obviously inferior to the steel ball in terms of grinding production capacity. However, it might come out as a new type of fine grinding medium in vertical ball mills for its light gravity, high energy utilization and soft grinding.