Abstract: The exploitation of mineral resources, industrial and agricultural production and other activities cause serious pollution to the groundwater environment; in addition, they pose a threat to human health. On the basis of systematically summarizing the sources, types and characteristics of groundwater contaminants, this paper discusses the development status of groundwater pollution detection technology. By comparing and contrasting the various detection methods, including detection of organic pollutants, detection of inorganic pollutants, microbial detection of pathogenic bacteria and combined application of a variety of derivatization techniques, this paper analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of each detection method and its future development trend.