Abstract: The adsorption and desorption characteristics of Cu in the soil (ore soil and tailings soil) of ionic rare earth mining areas were studied by the oscillation equilibrium method.The results show that the adsorption capacity of Cu in ore and tailings soil increases with the increasing adsorption of the ions, and the adsorption capacity of Cu in the tailings soil is larger than that in the ore soil. The Langmuir, the Freundlich and the Temkin models were used to fit the adsorption process. The correlation constant R² is more than 0.93, and the Langmuir model is the best.The Elovich equation is the optimal model for describing the adsorption kinetic behavior of Cu in the ore and tailings soil, followed by the quasi-second order kinetic model and the worst is the quasi-first order kinetic model.The desorption amount of Cu in the ore and tailings soil continues to grow as the desorption equilibrium concentration increases, and the relationship between the amount of the adsorption and the desorption of Cu in soils could be simulated by quadratic function.