Abstract: The leaching mine and tailings migration of nitrogen in the soil were studied by simulation of soil column and leaching experiment under the condition of acid rain. The organic glass tube was chosen for testing column, the pH value of acid rain drench filtrate was simulated at 5.4 ~ 5.6, and the two types of NH₄⁺-N, NO₃^--N, and effective nitrogen content in the soil were measured. The experimental results show that the rare earth soil play a certain role in entrapment of ammonia nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen loss, which is the main cause of water pollution in mining area and the surrounding soil. Ammonia nitrogen in the two types of the content of the soil reduce gradually as the elution volume increases. The NO₃^--N in the two types of the content of soil reduce to a minimum first then recovered with elution volume rendering increase, and it is affected by soil pH and soil depth. The characteristics of effective nitrogen migration in two kinds of soil are similar to ammonia nitrogen. Experimental study provides the theoretical foundation for the effective control soil pollution and water pollution of the rare earth ores in Southern Jiangxi.