Abstract: Electrospinning is one of the most convenient and effective ways for preparing nanofibers with polymer as complexing agent. And the precursor solution was obtained by reacting with metal alkoxides. A high voltage electrical potential was applied to the precursor solution to generate micro/nanofibers fiber membranes. Ceramic nanofibers were obtained after calcinations. The electrospinning technique has been applied successfully in many fields such as filter materials, scaffold materials, photocatalytic engineering, magnetic materials and electrode materials. This article gave a brief review focused on the preparation of electrospun nanofibers and their applications in the fields of medicine and functional ceramic.