Abstract: This article focuses on the research progress of hydrophobic nanoparticles and nanobubbles in micro-fine mineral flotation and the development of nanotechnology in thewastewater of flotation. It points out that nanotechnology beneficiation should focus on researchs of nanoparticles on the pulp micro-fine refractory minerals capture and identification of special effects. Key factor affecting the flotation technology is interactions between nanobubbles and mineral hydrophobic surface. It discusses the collection capabilities of hydrophobic nanoparticles and the principle and the application of nanotechnology flotation wastewater treatment. It combines with the nanoparticles, nano bubbles in the forefront of technology and achievements and prospects its refractory mineral sorting direction in the development of micro-fine particles.