Abstract: Nitride content in soil in mining area is abnormally high and the water nearby is badly polluted due to the use of large amounts of ammonium as a leaching agent during mining south ion-type rare earth. Through the establishment of experimental model of soil column and the determination of ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen and total nitrogen content in soil at different times in different depth, the temporal distribution characteristics of nitrides in the soil of south ion-type rare earth is studied. The results show that, under the condition of different water baths, surface soil ammonium nitrogen and total nitrogen in rare earth content reduce significantly, while nitrate-nitrogen content changes little. In deeper soil, the concentrations of ammonium nitrogen and total nitrogen remain unchanged low and the concentration of nitrate-nitrogen changes little as well, which implies that ammonium ions leaching are the main pollution form of soil and groundwater. These results will provide theoretical and technological foundation to control nitrides pollution in south ion-type of rare-earth and water body efficiently.