Abstract: A strong tungsten industry chain is of great significance to the tungsten materials needed for China 's future development. This paper testifies the necessity of optimizing China's tungsten industry chain structure from the perspectives of current problems of domestic tungsten industry chain structure, the contemporary tungsten industry chain structures of the major countries and tungsten's new application fields by comparative method. The tungsten industry chain structure theoretical model is established, providing references for tungsten industry chain optimization by complementing, extending and upgrading. Some suggestions of optimizing the structure of tungsten industry chain are put forward from the aspects of adjusting tungsten industry regulation and establishing ecological compensation system.