Abstract: This paper studies the effective ion-adsorption rare earth elements distribution in the farmland soil environment of rare earth mining region in southern Jiangxi province by testing the soil samples in the mining region. The results show that striking cumulative effect of rare earth metals exist in the soil of mining areas influenced by rare earth development activities.LREE/HREE ratio in the mining area is higher than the one in the control area; The distribution of rare earth form is compact organic form > exchangeable form > Fe-Mn oxide form > loosely combined organic form > specific adsorption and carbonate form > water soluble form; It is A (eluvial horizon) > B (illuvial horizon) > C (parent material horizon) of the effective form of rare earth, light rare earth and heavy rare earth in soil horizon of mining area; the distribution of exchangeable form, loosely combined organic form, specific adsorption and carbonate form, and compact organic form is A > B > C while the distribution of water soluble form and Fe-Mn oxide form is B > A > C.