Abstract: The paper analyzes the causes and composition of the rare earth smelting wastewater and introduces the biological method, chemical method and processing technology processing principle. The application problems of these technologies on processing rare earth smelting wastewater are discussed. Then, it tries to further study new technologies of extraction and separation and new reagents to ionic type rare-earth ore and explores new approach on recycling ammonia -nitrogen wastewater emphatically aims at the problem of ammonia-nitrogen wastewater from the process of rare earth extraction and separation, which can not meet wastewater new standards. Thus, ammonia-nitrogen wastewater on headstream can be eliminated and ammonia nitrogen pollution can be fundamentally under control.