Abstract: On the basis of the current situation of rare earths at home and abroad, national security andthe need for increasing our say in the international market, it is necessary to implement a strategicreserve of them. But there are many dilemmas, such as the lack of related legal system and supportingfund, the contradictions to local economic development, and opposition from the importing countriesagainst the system of "export quota restrictions". Therefore we should take countermeasures byconstructing the law system for their reserve, improving the reserve patterns, increasing the reserve fundsand setting up the compensation system.