Fabrication of D-MoS₂@rGO-Ti₃C₂T_x/GCE Sensor for synchronous detection of trace Cd （Ⅱ） and Pb （Ⅱ）

With the rapid advancement of industrialization, environmental safety issues caused by heavy metal pollution have become a global challenge. Electrochemical methods, featuring simple operation, rapid response, and high sensitivity in metal ion detection, coupled with their portability, can meet the demands of on-site detection and real-time data analysis, demonstrating superior application potential in the real-time monitoring of heavy metal ions. In this experiment, D-MoS₂ was successfully loaded onto the surfaces of GO and Ti₃C₂T_x through a one-step hydrothermal method to construct a D-MoS₂@rGO-Ti₃C₂T_x/GCE electrochemical sensor for the detection of heavy metal ions Cd (Ⅱ) and Pb (Ⅱ) in water bodies. The detection results show that the sensor exhibited a good linear relationship with Cd (Ⅱ) and Pb (Ⅱ) in the concentration range of 5 to 600 μg/L, with limits of detection (LODs) of 1.35 μg/L and 1.02 μg/L, respectively. In the presence of coexisting of Cd (Ⅱ) and Pb (Ⅱ), the LODs were 1.63 μg/L and 1.23 μg/L, respectively, and the sensor demonstrated good anti-interference, reproducibility, and stability. The spiked recovery investigation conducted on tap water, lake water, and river water showed that the recovery rates for Cd (Ⅱ) and Pb (Ⅱ) ranged from 98.74% to 105.33% and from 97.86% to 105.04%, respectively. The detection results were relatively accurate, indicating that the sensor has promising potential for the detection of heavy metal ions in real water samples.